Why Fibre Optics Work for Intrusion Detection

30 August 2024

An image of a wire mesh fencing with coiled barb-wire and next to the fence an image of the Remsdaq Sabre II Perimeter Intrusion Detection System

In an era where security is paramount, especially for sensitive facilities such as military bases, power plants, industrial sites and solar parks, robust perimeter intrusion detection systems (PIDS) are critical. Among various solutions available, fibre optic technology has emerged as the leading solution for perimeter intrusion detection systems, particularly when used with chain link fences. In this blog we will explore the advantages of fibre optic technology, particularly in its use for perimeter intrusion detection systems.

Advantages of Fibre Optic Technology

Fibre optics refers to the technology that transmits data as light pulses through thin strands of glass or plastic, known as optical fibres. Analysing changes in light patterns is at the heart of the Remsdaq Sabre II PIDS fence protection system.

Here are the key reasons why fibre optic technology stands out:

Thermal Stability: unlike electronic components and unshielded copper cables, fibre optic cables are virtually immune to electromagnetic interference and are highly resistant to temperature variations. This makes them ideal for hot climates where temperatures can fluctuate drastically.
Durability and Longevity: fibre optic cables are robust and have a longer lifespan compared to traditional electronic sensors. They are less prone to environmental wear and tear, making them suitable for harsh conditions.
High Sensitivity and Accuracy: fibre optic sensors provide highly accurate detection capabilities. They can detect minute vibrations and disturbances along the fence line, allowing for precise identification of intrusion attempts.
Minimal Maintenance: the resilience of fibre optic cables to environmental factors translates into lower maintenance requirements. This is particularly beneficial in hot climates where frequent maintenance can be both challenging and costly.
Scalability and Flexibility: fibre optic systems can cover large perimeters without significant signal loss. They are also adaptable to various perimeter configurations, including complex layouts with numerous turns and elevations.

How Fibre Optic Technology Protects Chain Link Fences

Fibre optic perimeter intrusion detection systems consist of the fibre optic cable (Remsdaq SabreFonic for example) and a processor unit to which the cable is connected (Remsdaq Sabre II processor). The cable is sensitive to vibrations and can detect disturbances caused by climbing, cutting, or otherwise tampering with the fence. The cables in a Remsdaq Sabre system have two cores, one for transmission and one for receipt which are connected to a Sabre II processor board. The board monitors for changes in the light pattern to detect and then provides a signal contact for an event.

Fibre optic detection systems operate as follows:

Detection: when an intruder attempts to breach the fence, the physical disturbance creates vibrations that are detected by monitoring changes in the resulting light pattern in the cable.
Signal Transmission: these vibrations alter the light signal within the fibre optic cable. The system detects these changes in light properties (such as intensity, phase, and wavelength).
Analysis: advanced algorithms analyse the altered light signals to determine the nature of the disturbance. The system can differentiate between environmental noises (like wind or small animals) and actual intrusion attempts.
Alerts: upon confirming an intrusion, the system sends an alert to security personnel. This is in the form a signal contact. When connected to the Remsdaq EntroWatch system, email alerts and alarm displays can also be generated. The alarm location within the zone protected by the Sabre II processor which can be up to 500m in distance.

Specific Benefits in Hot Climates

Resistance to Temperature Extremes: fibre optic cables are made from materials like silica, which can withstand extreme temperatures without degrading. This inherent thermal stability ensures consistent performance even in the hottest climates.
Reduced Risk of False Alarms: traditional electronic sensors may generate false alarms due to thermal noise. Fibre optic systems, with their reliance on light signals rather than electrical currents, are less susceptible to such issues, ensuring higher reliability and fewer false alarms.
Lower Cooling Requirements: electronic systems often require additional cooling mechanisms to function properly in hot climates, increasing operational costs. Fibre optic systems do not have this requirement, leading to cost savings.
High Precision in Harsh Conditions: the high sensitivity of fibre optic sensors means they can maintain precise detection capabilities despite environmental challenges like dust storms or intense sunlight, common in hot climates.

Case Studies and Real-World Applications

Numerous real-world implementations of fibre optic PIDS in hot climates underscore their effectiveness. For instance:

Middle Eastern Oil Refineries: These facilities often operate in extreme temperatures. Fibre optic systems have proven reliability in monitoring extensive perimeters, detecting intrusions accurately without being affected by the heat.
Military Installations in Desert Areas: Military bases located in desert regions, where temperatures can soar above 50°C (122°F), have successfully deployed fibre optic PIDS. These systems have demonstrated high reliability and minimal maintenance needs.
Utility Companies in Hot Regions: Power plants and other critical infrastructure in hot climates rely on fibre optic technology to secure their perimeters. The technology’s resilience to elevated temperatures ensures continuous protection without frequent maintenance interruptions.

Other typical applications include solar parks and high security applications including prisons.

Conclusion

Fibre optic technology offers many advantages for chain link fence protection. Its resistance to extreme temperatures, high sensitivity, durability, and minimal maintenance requirements makes it the best choice for ensuring the security of sensitive facilities. As security threats continue to evolve, the adoption of robust and reliable technologies like fibre optic PIDS will be crucial in safeguarding critical installations around the world.