A Guide to Installing Access Control Systems

Access control systems are an essential part of modern day building security, providing control over who enters and exits a facility and enhancing safety and efficiency. Installing such a system requires careful planning, the right hardware, and a methodical approach to implementation. Whether you’re upgrading security for a commercial building, school, university, apartment complex, or office, this guide will walk you through the hardware requirements and step-by-step planning for a successful access control installation.

Understanding Access Control Systems

Access control systems limit access to buildings, rooms, or resources, ensuring that only authorised individuals can enter. They typically include hardware components such as keypads, card readers, request to exit buttons and electronic locks, all integrated with software to manage access rights. Modern systems often include features such as audit trails, remote management, and integration with other security solutions like CCTV and alarms.

Essential Hardware for Access Control Systems

Before diving into the planning process, it’s crucial to understand the hardware required for a functional access control system. Here’s an overview of the key components:

1. Access Control Panels

These are the system’s brain, connecting all components like card readers, sensors, and electric locks. They process access requests and communicate with management software.

2. Readers and Credentials

Keypads: Allow users to enter a numeric code for access.
Card Readers: Use RFID or smart cards to grant access.
Biometric Readers: Use fingerprints, facial recognition, or retina scans for high-security needs.

3. Electric and Magnetic Locks

Electric Strikes: Installed in door frames, these locks engage or release upon a signal from the control panel.
Maglocks (Magnetic Locks): Use electromagnetism to secure doors and are ideal for high-traffic areas.

4. Exit Devices

Push Bars: Common in commercial buildings, these allow rapid exit in emergencies.
Motion Sensors: Detect movement near the door for automatic unlocking.
Request to Exit (RTE): these can be pushbutton or hands-free.

5. Power Supply and Backup

Power supply units ensure continuous operation, and can be installed with backup batteries to protect against power outages.

6. Cables and Networking Hardware

Structured cabling connects the system components. In IP-based systems, networking hardware like switches and routers is needed.

7. Control Software

The software interface allows administrators to set access permissions, monitor activity, and generate reports.

Step-by-Step Planning Guide

Step 1: Assess Building Needs

Before selecting equipment or beginning installation, the first step is to conduct a thorough assessment:

Identify Access Points: Determine which doors, gates, or areas need access control.
Evaluate User Requirements: Understand how many users will need access and their roles.
Consider Integration Needs: Decide if the access control system should integrate with other systems like video surveillance or fire alarms.
Budget Allocation: Define a budget to balance features with cost-effectiveness.

Step 2: Select the Right Access Control System

Different buildings have different requirements. Choose a system that aligns with your needs:

For small businesses, simple keypad or card reader systems may suffice.
For large facilities, opt for scalable, network-based systems with robust management features.
For high-security environments, prioritize biometric solutions and advanced encryption.

Step 3: Create a System Design Plan

A well-thought-out plan minimizes installation challenges:

Blueprint Analysis: Use building blueprints to map out wiring routes, access points, and control panel locations.
Hardware Placement: Plan where to install readers, locks, and exit devices for optimal accessibility and security.
Network Infrastructure: Decide whether to use wired or wireless connections for communication between components.
Power Considerations: Ensure all components have a reliable power source and emergency backups.

Step 4: Acquire and Test Hardware

Purchase all the necessary equipment from reputable installers who are trained and certified for the chosen brand. Once received:

Inspect the hardware for quality and compatibility.
Test each component, such as readers and locks, to ensure functionality before installation.

Step 5: Install Hardware

Follow these steps to install the system:

Step 5.1: Mount Access Control Panels

Install control panels in secure areas like server rooms or utility closets.
Connect panels to a power source and the main network.

Step 5.2: Install Readers and Keypads

Place readers and keypads at designated entry points, ensuring easy accessibility.
Use weatherproof models for outdoor locations.

Step 5.3: Install Locks

Attach electric strikes or maglocks to doors as per the design plan.
Ensure alignment with door frames for proper operation.

Step 5.4: Set Up Exit Devices

Install push bars or motion sensors on the inside of doors for smooth egress.
Test emergency exit mechanisms to comply with safety regulations.

Step 5.5: Run Cables

Lay cables neatly along walls or through conduits to avoid damage.
Label cables for easy identification during maintenance.

Step 6: Configure the System

Once hardware installation is complete:

Connect Components: Link all readers, locks, and panels to the control software.
Set Access Permissions: Create user profiles and assign access rights based on roles.
Program Schedules: Define access schedules for employees, contractors, and visitors.
Test Integration: Ensure the system works seamlessly with any integrated solutions like video surveillance.

Step 7: Test and Validate

Testing is crucial to ensure the system functions as intended:

Verify that doors lock and unlock as programmed.
Check that credentials (cards, codes, biometrics) grant or deny access correctly.
Simulate power outages to test backup systems.
Conduct user training sessions to familiarize authorized personnel with the system.

Step 8: Monitor and Maintain

After installation, regular monitoring and maintenance are essential:

Audit Logs: Review access logs to identify unusual activity.
Software Updates: Keep the control software updated for security patches and new features.
Hardware Maintenance: Periodically inspect locks, readers, and cables for wear or damage.

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

Cable Management Issues: Use conduits and labels to avoid tangles and confusion.
System Downtime: Mitigate risks with redundant systems and regular testing.
User Resistance: Address concerns with clear communication and training.
Integration Problems: Work with vendors to ensure compatibility with existing systems.

Conclusion

Installing an access control system is a critical step toward enhancing building security and operational efficiency. By understanding the necessary hardware and following a structured planning and installation process, you can implement a system that meets your specific needs while ensuring scalability for future requirements. Take the time to test thoroughly and maintain the system regularly for long-term reliability and performance. Investing in the right technology and expertise today will provide a safer, smarter building tomorrow. There are several leading brands available within the UK and one such as Remsdaq is recognised for its innovative access control systems such as EntroWatch and is one of the leading suppliers within the industry.